Review




Structured Review

Human Protein Atlas human brain tissue
Human Brain Tissue, supplied by Human Protein Atlas, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/brain+human+tissue/pm42031726-324-8-23
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
human brain tissue - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars

Images

Related Articles

Gene Expression:

Article Title: Phagocytosing differentiated cell-fragments is a novel mechanism for controlling somatic stem cell differentiation within a short time frame.
Article Snippet: .. The gene expression of Tissue and Cell Type in the human brain, liver, and muscle tissue (heart and skeletal muscle) was acquired from The Human Protein Atlas (http:// www. prote inatl as. org) [33]. .. For pseudotemporal depiction of the heatmap, The Human Protein Atlas [33], and BigGPS (http:// biogps. org/# goto= welco me) [45] were referred to for selecting lineage-specific markers.

Staining:

Article Title: βIII-tubulin can act as a brake on extrinsic apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
Article Snippet: .. We also showed positive staining of βIII-tubulin in human brain tissue, and negative staining in normal pancreas tissue, consistent with expression in the human protein atlas (Supplementary Figure 21). ..

Negative Staining:

Article Title: βIII-tubulin can act as a brake on extrinsic apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
Article Snippet: .. We also showed positive staining of βIII-tubulin in human brain tissue, and negative staining in normal pancreas tissue, consistent with expression in the human protein atlas (Supplementary Figure 21). ..

Expressing:

Article Title: βIII-tubulin can act as a brake on extrinsic apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
Article Snippet: .. We also showed positive staining of βIII-tubulin in human brain tissue, and negative staining in normal pancreas tissue, consistent with expression in the human protein atlas (Supplementary Figure 21). ..

Genome Wide:

Article Title: The selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AR-R17779 does not affect ischemia–reperfusion brain injury in mice
Article Snippet: .. According to genome-wide analysis of human brain tissue in Human Protein Atlas (http://www.proteinatlas.org) [37], the highest CHRNA7 RNA expression levels are found in cortex, hypothalamus, pons and medulla, with similar patterns in mouse brain based on RNA-seq data (https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000175344-CHRNA7/brain). ..

RNA Expression:

Article Title: The selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AR-R17779 does not affect ischemia–reperfusion brain injury in mice
Article Snippet: .. According to genome-wide analysis of human brain tissue in Human Protein Atlas (http://www.proteinatlas.org) [37], the highest CHRNA7 RNA expression levels are found in cortex, hypothalamus, pons and medulla, with similar patterns in mouse brain based on RNA-seq data (https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000175344-CHRNA7/brain). ..

RNA Sequencing:

Article Title: The selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AR-R17779 does not affect ischemia–reperfusion brain injury in mice
Article Snippet: .. According to genome-wide analysis of human brain tissue in Human Protein Atlas (http://www.proteinatlas.org) [37], the highest CHRNA7 RNA expression levels are found in cortex, hypothalamus, pons and medulla, with similar patterns in mouse brain based on RNA-seq data (https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000175344-CHRNA7/brain). ..



Similar Products

96
Miltenyi Biotec epilepsy surgery human brain tissues
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Epilepsy Surgery Human Brain Tissues, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/CD11b+MicroBeads%2C+human+and+mouse+-+lyophilized/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__04__06__716590-203-10-22
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
epilepsy surgery human brain tissues - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
96/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

95
Bio-Techne corporation human brain whole tissue lysate (adult whole normal)
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Human Brain Whole Tissue Lysate (Adult Whole Normal), supplied by Bio-Techne corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/Human+Brain+Whole+Tissue+Lysate+(Adult+Whole+Normal)/custom%40nb820-59177%4041923604
Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
human brain whole tissue lysate (adult whole normal) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
95/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Folio Biosciences frozen human donors brain tissues
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Frozen Human Donors Brain Tissues, supplied by Folio Biosciences, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/brain+donors+frozen+human+tissues/pmc13276770-296-0-16
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
frozen human donors brain tissues - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

94
OriGene healthy brain tissue
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Healthy Brain Tissue, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/TissueScan%2C+Human+Brain+cDNA+Array/pm42236120-298-30-39
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
healthy brain tissue - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
94/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

96
Miltenyi Biotec cd11b microbeads, human and mouse - lyophilized
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Cd11b Microbeads, Human And Mouse Lyophilized, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/CD11b+MicroBeads%2C+human+and+mouse+-+lyophilized/custom%40130-097-142%4042213773
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
cd11b microbeads, human and mouse - lyophilized - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
96/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Guiyang Xintian Pharmaceutical Co Ltd human brain tissue sections
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Human Brain Tissue Sections, supplied by Guiyang Xintian Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/brain+human+sections+tissue/pm42121190-350-18-12
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
human brain tissue sections - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Human Protein Atlas human brain tissue
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Human Brain Tissue, supplied by Human Protein Atlas, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/brain+human+tissue/pm42031726-324-8-23
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
human brain tissue - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

94
Novus Biologicals human brain whole tissue lysate
PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or <t>human</t> <t>brain</t> <t>tissue</t> (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .
Human Brain Whole Tissue Lysate, supplied by Novus Biologicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/human+brain+tissue/Human+Brain+Olfactory+Whole+Tissue+Lysate+(Adult+Whole+Normal)/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__14__711835-401-21-26
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
human brain whole tissue lysate - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
94/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

Image Search Results


PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or human brain tissue (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Viral Microglia Reprogramming Clears Oligomeric Neurotoxic Debris

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.06.716590

Figure Lengend Snippet: PVSRIPO directs infection of, non-cytopathogenic vRNA replication in, and IFN-I signaling in the microglial compartment in vivo . (A-C) Flow cytometry analyses of microglia before/after CD11b + -bead isolation from hCD155 -tg mouse (A, C) or human brain tissue (B) . The same kit and identical procedures were used to process human/mouse brain tissue samples (see Materials and methods ). Consistently, ∼90-95% of CD45 hi , CD11b + , MERTK + , Cx3cx1 + (A, B) and Tmem119 + (C) cells were recovered from brain tissue of either species. (D) RT-qPCR analyses of total RNA from hCD155 -tg murine or human microglia as shown. Microglia were either infected ex vivo [multiplicity of infection (MOI) 10; left and middle panels], or CD11b + -bead isolated after infection in vivo [single intracerebral inoculation of PVSRIPO (5 x 10 7 pfu); right panel]. Ipsilateral (to the site of virus inoculation) and contralateral hemispheres were processed separately. vRNA levels in mouse microglia were analyzed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test on ΔΔCt values at 8 weeks pi (n=5; left panel); the same test was used to analyze vRNA levels in human microglia at 72hpi (n=3; right middle panel). (E) HCR-FISH analyses of vRNA species in human CD11b + -bead isolated microglia infected ex vivo with PVSRIPO (MOI 10). Two individual microglia cells at 24 and 72hpi, each, are shown. (F-G) IF and HCR-FISH analyses in non-tumor-bearing hCD155 -tg mouse brains 48h post single intracerebral PVSRIPO infusion (5 x 10 7 pfu). Tmem119 + microglia stain positive for (-)strand vRNA (F) with widespread ISG15 induction in the microglial compartment (G) .

Article Snippet: Microglia were isolated from freshly dissected mouse brains or from epilepsy surgery human brain tissues using a CD11b + -bead isolation kit (Miltenyi MicroBeads, human & mouse; #130-097-142) as described in detail previously ( ).

Techniques: Infection, In Vivo, Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Ex Vivo, Virus, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY, Staining